Related Resources: spring material

Axial Tension Compression Spring Stiffness Constant Equations and Calculator

Machine Design and Engineering
Spring Design and Engineering
Vibration Engineering and Design

Axial Tension or Compression Springs Stiffness Constant Equations and Calculator

Axial Tension or Compression Springs Stiffness Constant Equations and Calculator

k = ( G d2 ) / ( 8 n D3)

k = Spring Stiffness (lb/in)
d = Wire Diameter (in),
D = Mean Coil Diameter (in),
n = Number of Active Coils,
G = Modulus of Elasticty in Shear (lb/in2)

Reference Harris, Shock and Vibration Handbook