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Gear Products and Suppliers | Gear Knowledge Menu
ADDENDUM (a) is the
height by which a tooth projects beyond the pitch circle or pitch line.
BASE DIAMETER (Db) is
the diameter of the base cylinder from which the involute portion of a tooth
profile is generated.
BACKLASH (B) is the
amount by which the width of a tooth space exceeds the thickness of the engaging
tooth on the pitch circles. As actually indicated by measuring devices, backlash
may be determined variously in the transverse, normal, or axial-planes, and
either in the direction of the pitch circles or on the line of action. Such
measurements should be corrected to corresponding values on transverse pitch
circles for general comparisons.
BORE LENGTH is the total length through a
gear, sprocket, or coupling bore.
CIRCULAR PITCH (p) is
the distance along the pitch circle or pitch line between corresponding profiles
of adjacent teeth.
CIRCULAR THICKNESS (t)
is the length of arc between the two sides of a gear tooth on the pitch circle,
unless otherwise specified.
CLEARANCE-OPERATING (c)
is the amount by which the dedendum in a given gear exceeds the addendum of its
mating gear.
CONTACT RATIO (mc) in
general, the number of angular pitches through which a tooth surface rotates
from the beginning to the end of contact.
DEDENDUM (b) is the
depth of a tooth space below the pitch line. It is normally greater than the
addendum of the mating gear to provide clearance.
DIAMETRAL PITCH (P) is
the ratio of the number of teeth to the pitch diameter.
FACE WIDTH (F) is the
length of the teeth in an axial plane.
FILLET RADIUS (rf) is
the radius of the fillet curve at the base of the gear tooth.
FULL DEPTH TEETH are
those in which the working depth equals 2.000 divided by the normal diametral
pitch.
GEAR is a machine part
with gear teeth. When two gears run together, the one with the larger number of
teeth is called the gear.
HUB DIAMETER is outside
diameter of a gear, sprocket or coupling hub.
HUB PROJECTION is the
distance the hub extends beyond the gear face.
INVOLUTE TEETH of spur
gears, helical gears and worms are those in which the active portion of the
profile in the transverse plane is the involute of a circle.
LONG- AND SHORT-ADDENDUM TEETH are
those of engaging gears (on a standard designed center distance) one of which
has a long addendum and the other has a short addendum.
KEYWAY is the machined
groove running the length of the bore. A similar groove is machined in the shaft
and a key fits into this opening.
NORMAL DIAMETRAL PITCH (Pn)
is the value of the diametral pitch as calculated in the normal plane of a
helical gear or worm.
NORMAL PLANE is the
plane normal to the tooth surface at a pitch point and perpendicular to the
pitch plane. For a helical gear this plane can be normal to one tooth at a point
laying in the plane surface. At such point, the normal plane contains the line
normal to the tooth surface and this is normal to the pitch circle.
NORMAL PRESSURE ANGLE (n)
in a normal plane of helical tooth.
OUTSIDE DIAMETER (Do)
is the diameter of the addendum (outside) circle.
PITCH CIRCLE is the
circle derived from a number of teeth and a specified diametral or circular
pitch. Circle on which spacing or tooth profiles is established and from which
the tooth proportions are constructed.
PITCH CYLINDER is the
cylinder of diameter equal to the pitch circle.
PINION is a machine
part with gear teeth. When two gears run together, the one with the smaller
number of teeth is called the pinion.
PITCH DIAMETER (D) is
the diameter of the pitch circle. In parallel shaft gears, the pitch diameters
can be determined directly from the center distance and the number of teeth.
PRESSURE ANGLE () is
the angle at a pitch point between the line of pressure which is normal to the
tooth surface, and the plane tangent to the pitch surface. In involute teeth,
pressure angle is often described also as the angle between the line of action
and the line tangent to the pitch circle. Standard pressure angles are
established in connection with standard gear-tooth proportions.
ROOT DIAMETER (Dr) is
the diameter at the base of the tooth space.
PRESSURE ANGLEOPERATING (r)
is determined by the center distance at which the gears operate. It is the
pressure angle at the operating pitch diameter.
TIP RELIEF is an
arbitrary modification of a tooth profile whereby a small amount of material is
removed near the tip of the gear tooth.
UNDERCUT is a condition
in generated gear teeth when any part of the fillet curve lies inside a line
drawn tangent to the working profile at its point of juncture with the fillet.
WHOLE DEPTH (ht) is the
total depth of a tooth space, equal to addendum plus dedendum, equal to the
working depth plus variance.
WORKING DEPTH (hk) is
the depth of engagement of two gears; that is, the sum of their addendums.
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