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Rolling Resistance Equation and Calculator

Mechanics And Machine Engineering and Design

Rolling Resistance Equation and Calculator:

The resistance of a vehicle forward motion is the sum of rolling resistance, gradient force and aerodynamic drag.

Symbols used:
C_r= coefficient of rolling resistance
m = mass of vehicle
p = tire pressure (bars)
v = velocity (km/h)
g = gravity (9.80665 m/s²)
F_r = Newtons

Rolling Resistance Basic Equation:

F_r = C_r mg

For pneumatic tires on dry road

Rolling Resistance Calculator

Typical values coefficient of friction

Description	Cd
Asphalt or concrete, new	0.01
Asphalt or concrete, worn	0.02
Cobbles, small, new	0.01
Cobbles, large, worn	0.03
gravel, rolled, new	0.02
gravel, loose, worn	0.04
soil, medium hard	0.08
sand	0.1 - 0.3

References:

Mechanical Engineers Data Handbook, James Carvill 2003 P. 88