When designing for self-tapping screws, a number of factors are important:

Effect of Screw Length: Stripping torque increases rapidly with increasing length of engagement and levels off when the engaged length is about 2.5 times the pitch diameter of the screw.

Strip-To-Drive Ratio: The torque-turn curve in Figure 1 shows how a self-tapping screw responds to applied torque. Up to point "A", driving torque is applied to cut or form a thread and to overcome sliding friction on the threads. Successive turns require more torque as the area of thread engagement increases. At point "A", the head of the screw seats. Any further application of torque - now referred to as stripping torque - results in compressive loading of the threads. At point "B", stress in the threads reaches the yield point of the plastic, and the threads begin to shear off. Threads continue to strip off to point "C" when the fastening fails completely.

 

Figure 1 Torque Turn Plot

Strip-to-drive ratio (the ratio of stripping torque to driving torque) can be used to evaluate the performance of a fastened joint. For high volume production with power tools, this ratio should be about 4 to 1. With well trained operators working with consistent parts and hand tools, a 2 to 1 ratio may be acceptable. In any case, lubricants must be avoided because they drastically reduce this ratio.

The ultimate test of a self-tapping screw is the pull-out force. It can be calculated from;

Open Self Tapping Screw Pull-Out and Torque Calculator

F = S_S A = S_S π D_p L

Where:

F = Pull out force
S_S = Shear stress = S_t / 3^1/3
S_t = Tensile yield stress
A = Shear area = π D_p L
D_p = Pitch diameter
L = Axial length of full thread engagement

Pull-out strength doe not generally decrease with time.

To calculate the stripping torque use:

T = F r ( p + 2 π fr ) / ( 2 π r - fp )

Where:

T = torque to develope pull-out force
r = Pitch radius of screw
p = Reciprocal of threads per unit length
f = Coefficient of friction

 

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