Gas Flow Rate Through Orifice Equations and Calculator per. ISO 5167

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Gas Flow Rate Through Orifice Equations and Calculator per. ISO 5167

Fluids Flow Design and Engineering
Hydraulic and Pneumatic Design and Engineering

ISO 5167 is applicable to orifice plates, nozzles and Venturi tubes when they are inserted in a conduit running full to determine the flow rate of the fluid flowing in the conduit.

Applicable only to pressure differential devices in which the flow remains subsonic throughout the measuring section and where the fluid can be considered as single-phase, but is not applicable to the measurement of pulsating flow. Furthermore, each of these devices can only be used within specified limits of pipe size and Reynolds number.

The mass flow rate can be determined, since it is related to the differential pressure within the uncertainty limits stated in ISO 5167, using Equation (1):

Eq. 1
q_m = C / ( 1 - β⁴ )^0.5 · ε · π/4 · d² · ( 2 · Δp · ρ₁ )^0.5

q_m = C · ε · π/4 · d² · ( 2 · Δp · ρ₁ )^0.5 / ( 1 - β⁴ )^0.5

Similarly, the value of the volume flowrate can be calculated using Equation (2):

Eq. 2
q_v = q_m / ρ

where ρ is the fluid density at the temperature and pressure for which the volume is stated

Eq. 3
β = d / D

Eq. 4
β = d / D

Where:

q_m = Orifice Mass flowrate, kg / s
q_v = Volume flowrate, m³ / s
C = Coefficient of discharge
ε = Expansibility [expansion] factor
d = Diameter of orifice (or throat) of primary device under working conditions, m
D = Upstream internal pipe diameter (or upstream diameter of a classical Venturi tube) under working conditions, m
p = Absolute static pressure of the fluid, Pa
ρ = Density of the fluid, kg / m³ β = Diameter ratio

Δp = Differential pressure, Difference between the (static) pressures measured at the wall pressure tappings, one of which is on the upstream side and the other of which is on the downstream side of a primary device (or in the throat for a Venturi nozzle or a Venturi tube), inserted in a straight pipe through which flow occurs, when any difference in height between the upstream and downstream tappings has been taken into account

Note: In ISO 5167 (all parts) the term “differential pressure” is used only if the pressure tappings are in the positions specified for each standard primary device.

“Triple-T” arrangement
^a - flow
^b - Section A-A (upstream) alos typical for section B-B (downstream)

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Reference:

International Standard
ISO 5197-1
Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full