Spring Types and Materials Review

Spring Material and Types Data Review

This table details engineeriong properties of common spring materials as well as some alloys for design material selection application. The specifications indicated are current at the time of publication.

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Types of Springs:

Compression Spring is an open-coil, helical spring that offer resistance to compressive loading.

Extension Spring is a close-coiled helical spring that offers resistance to a pulling force.
Torsion Spring exert pressure along a path which is a circular arc, or, in other words, providing torque. Sometimes these springs are called torsion springs, motors springs, power springs.

Related resources:

Common Spring Materials and Engineering Properties
Spring Material	Materials Specification	Density (lb/in³)	Minimum Tensile Strength (psi x 10³)	Modulus Elasticity (E) (psi x 10⁶)	Modulus Torsion (G) (psi x 10⁶)	Maximum Operating Temperature	Application
Beryllium Copper	ASTM B197	0.298	150 - 230	18.5	7.0	400 °F	Good corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity. Good physical strength.
Chrome Vanadium	ASTM A231	0.284	190 - 300	30.0	11.5	425 °F	Used for shock loads and moderately elevated temperatures.
Elgiloy	AMS 5833		270 - 330	32.0	12.0	250 °F	Excellent corrosion resistance.
Hard Drawn MB	ASTM A227	0.284	Class I: 147 - 283 Class II: 171 - 324	30.0	11.5	250 °F	Typical stress applications. Can be electroplated.
Hastelloy (C276)	ASTM B574		100 - 200	30.7	11.8	700 °F	High corrosion resistance.
Inconel 600	AMS B166	0.304	100 - 230	31.0	11.0	700 °F	Corrosion resistance at moderately elevated temperature.
Inconel 718	AMS B637	0.298	210 - 250	29.0	11.2	1100 °F	Good corrosion resistance at moderately elevated temperature.
Inconel X750	AMS 5698 / 5699	0.298	No. 1 Temper: 155 Min Spring Temper: 190 - 230	31.0	12.0	750 - 1100 °F	Good corrosion resistance at moderately elevated temperature.
Monel 400	AMS 7233	0.319	145 - 180	26.0	9.5	450 °F	Good corrosion resistance at moderately elevated temperature.
Monel K 500	QQ-N-286	0.306	160 - 200	26.0	9.5	550 °F	Excellent corrosion resistance at moderately elevated temperature.
NiSpan C	AMS 5225	0.294	150 - 190	24.0 - 29.0	9.0 - 10.0	150 °F	Constant modulus alloy.
Music Wire	ASTM A228	0.284	230 - 399	30.0	12 (up to 0.100") 11.75 (over 0.100")	250 °F	Good surface finish.
Oil Tempered MB	ASTM A229	0.284	Class I: 165 - 293 Class II: 191 - 324	30.0	11.5	250 °F	General purpose spring wire can be heat treated.
Oil Tempered Chrome Silicon	ASTM A401	0.284	235 - 300	30.0	11.5	475 °F	Shock loads and moderately elevated temperatures.
Phosphor Bronze	ASTM B159	0.320	105 - 145	15.0	6.25	200 °F	Cold drawn. Good corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity.
Stainless Steel 302/304	ASTM A313	0.286	125 - 325	28.0	10.0	550 °F	Cold drawn general purpose corrosion and heat resistant.
Stainless Steel 316	ASTM A313	0.286	110 - 245	28.0	10.0	550 °F	Heat resistant and better corrosion resistance than 302.
Stainless Steel 17-7 PH	AMS 5678	0.282	235 - 335	29.5	11.0	650 °F	High strength and general purpose corrosion resistance.